the “World
Christian Gathering on
Indigenous People”
Movement
by Sandy Simpson, Apologetics
Coordination Team, March 2006
The “Indigenous People” (hereafter IPM) or “First Nations” movement is an unbiblical movement teaching heresies and even doctrines of demons. It is being spread worldwide by YWAM, Don Richardson, author of Eternity In Their Hearts, John Dawson the President of YWAM, Richard Twiss of Wiconi International, Terry LeBlanc of World Vision Canada, Daniel Kikawa of Aloha Ke Akua and many other adherents.
This movement has ties to the apostolic leadership of the New
Apostolic Reformation and C. Peter Wagner. A number of the announced speakers
at their A Call To All Nations
conference in Honolulu were also on the Aloha Ke Akua “Advisory Board”
including John
Dawson, Richard Twiss, Terry LeBlanc and Don Richardson. You can go to their
site for more information about these people. One thing you will notice is that
people involved with YWAM play a major role in the promotion of this agenda and
conferences around the world.
Daniel
Kikawa and his book Perpetuated
In Righteousness, as
well as the teaching of the First Nations, YWAM and the New Apostolic Reformation (NAR), lay the basis for the ideas put forth by this movement. Kikawa's book was endorsed by John Dawson of YWAM. YWAM is firmly a part of the NAR which is headed by C. Peter Wagner, Chuck Pierce, Cindy
Jacobs,Dutch
Sheets, Bill Hamon, Tommy Tenney, Mike Bickle and includes hundreds of other false apostles, false prophets and false teachers.
The IPM is full of the false teachings of the Third Wave, NAR, Word-Faith, Dominionism, Latter Rain and
many other false theological systems. But it does have its own distinctives that are driven by the works of Daniel
Kikawa,Richard
Twiss, John
Dawson and Don Richardson in particular. They
are teaching Christians to “redeem”
their cultures by worshipping their former gods, pretending they
are YHWH. But when Jesus Christ was first introduced to the islands He
was introduced as the biblical Jesus Christ, the Son of David, born a Jew, the
second person in the Triunity of God. Jesus was NOT
introduced as Pele or ‘Io of
Hawaii, as Tagaloa of the Marshalls, Nahnsapwe of Pohnpei, Wonofaat of Chuuk, Uchelianged of Palau, Yalafath
of Yap, Puntan and Fu’una of Guam or
any other mythological or demonic god. To call Jesus by these other names is to
blaspheme His name (Phil. 2:9-10)! There is salvation in only one Name under
heaven
that is the Name of
Jesus Christ (Acts 4:12). We are to worship God by His Name, not by other
names. 27 times the New Testament declares that we are to follow God in the
name of Jesus Christ.1
I believe it is time for islanders to take a stand against these
false teachings coming into the island churches. I personally stand fully
against this influx of “First
Nations” unbiblical ideas, and I do so because the ongoing
ministry of my family for 44 years has been to minister alongside the churches
of Micronesia in the furtherance of the Gospel. We love the island people! For
people like Richard Twiss and Daniel Kikawa to teach the heresy they are teaching constitutes an ALL
OUT ATTACK on mission and church work in the islands.
I
want to give you eleven reasons, among many more I could cite, to reject
the Indigenous People Movement (IPM)
and its leadership as unbiblical, and in some cases, heretical.
(1)
IPM leaders teach that God has been redeeming cultures and that He placed in
all cultures a way for men to have a relationship with God outside of the
Gospel.
“So these are
clues that we felt God had left (the Hawaiian people) and evidence that He’s left as well as processes He has left in which our
Hawaiian people can respond in a very natural way to God and really set things
right between them and God.”2
“There’s a
myth that we have labored under for centuries in indigenous communities and the
myth is that we are a godless heathen people.”3
“And yet
all brings glory to God in its own special way, and that’s true of human beings and cultures
as well.”4
“God
is now calling forth from among the indigenous communities of the world that
good deposit which He has made in them of their cultures, their languages,
their musical expressions and all that sort of thing ... as an expression of
praise and worship unto Himself.”5
“The book
of Revelation the Bible doesn’t
say we’re going to be all one block of one color of
people, it says every kindred, tongue, people, language and nation will be
there, uh, languages, peoples and cultures in heaven.”6
“
Several of these
redemptive analogies ... are in most if not all
cultures.”7
A few years ago some friends and I were contemplating how
we would be able to reach indigenous peoples and we thought that what was
prevalent at that time was a misconception among, within the church of God's
presence here in the islands. The misconceptions that,
as was expressed earlier, was that God didn't arrive until the
missionaries arrived. You know, and so when we started to look at this we
started to look into our culture and see what things within our culture what
God had originally intended for this particular group of people, Hawaiians.8
Let's address the two false assumptions above, namely that (1) God
is in the business of redeeming cultures and (2) that God placed in cultures a
way of redemption apart from the Gospel.
First, the only “culture”
that will be redeemed will be that of God’s chosen people,
the Jews (Ps. 130:8), during the Tribulation (Zech. 13:1). But this will
be because the Jews (Rev. 7:3-4; Rev. 14:3) will come to understand and believe
that Jesus Christ is the Messiah (John 3:3). Other than this
example there is nowhere in the Bible where it talks about God redeeming
cultures. Rev. 7:9 speaks of nations, tribes, peoples and languages
standing before the throne of God, but not “cultures”.
This verse is talking about individuals who have believed in
Jesus Christ as their personal Savior and Lord from all the nations of the
earth. Cultures are the traditions of men (Mark 7:8-9, 13; Col. 2:8), not
God-created as many of the IPM people claim. God is in the business of
redeeming individuals from sin (1 Pet. 1:18-23; Gal. 3:14), not cultures. The
idea of the redemption or “transformation”
of whole cities, societies and cultures is actually a Dominionist
idea from the Latter Rain and NAR. This has no basis in Scripture whatsoever.
Each man must believe for himself (Act. 16:31; Rom. 10:9) upon conviction of
the Holy Spirit (John 16:8-9). Notice that though the Holy Spirit is sent into
the world to convict of sin, He is convicting men who do not believe in Jesus Christnot whole cultures.
Second, there is no way for men to come to believe in Jesus Christ
without having heard the Gospel (Eph. 1:13). You cannot hear the Gospel without
it being preached to you (Rom. 10:14-15). The Gentiles had no knowledge of the
Gospel message until that mystery was revealed to them by way of the apostles
and missionaries (Eph. 2:12).
(2)
IPM leaders teach that the gods being
worshipped in cultures were really the Father, Son and Holy Spirit and deities
are renamed accordingly.
See point #5.
Kikawa makes up an
elaborate mythology about Hawaiian culture claiming that Hawaiians already
were worshipping God in the form of the bird god “Io” long before missionaries arrived (pg. 18, pp.
2). He claims that the Polynesian people were descended from Israel (pg. 62)
that they can trace their genealogies back to Noah (pg. 72-73) and that
they knew the gospel because it was written in the stars (pg. 55).10
Here's
proof that Leon Siu, a member of Daniel Kikawa's “Aloha Ke Akua” and IPM spokesman,
participated in praying and celebrating Io
as Jehovah.
As we stood at the edge of Hale-ma'uma'u Crater, singing praises to 'Io (Jehovah/Savior), thoughts of
what took place 171 years earlier on that very ground, were on the minds of all
who came. Included in our present celebration were prayers of thanksgiving and
intercession for Hawaii. In 1824 Chieftess Kapiolani (not to be confused with Queen Kapiolani) made that same trek from Kona to the volcano -
by foot. It took her two months. Many had tried to convince her not to go. But
she felt compelled by God, as if on a divine mission. This true Hawaiian
story is not unlike Elijah and his confrontation with Baal, described in 1
Kings 18. After this event at Kilauea, many Hawaiians - including Kahunas (ancient Hawaiian priests) of Pele, believed in
Jesus, as the Christ - 'Io. {See article on the Hula, this issue}. Included
in our present celebration were prayers of thanksgiving and intercession for
Hawaii. There was also special music by Leon Siu and friends, and hulas by young Hawaiian
Christians, telling of the historical event. As the crowd disbursed
joyfully about three hours later, there was a strong sense of having
participated in a very significant event in Hawaii's spiritual history. I'm soooo glad I went!! Later in the day the celebration
continued at "The Gathering Place" (Hilo New Hope). 'Io -
Jehovah God- is indeed alive and well in Hawaii nei.11
Siu then proceeded to bring worship of Io into a number of churches in Hawaii.
There is only One God in Three Persons as revealed to the prophets
and apostles, and subsequently to those who believe in Jesus Christ. In the Old
Testament God revealed Himself to the Jews exclusively
and there was no salvation apart from the Jews. In the New Testament God revealed
Himself through the apostles, and especially through Paul to the Gentiles. All the gods of the nations were and are false
gods (Deut. 32:17; 1 Cor. 10:20, Jer. 16:19, Amos 2:4). Even the “supreme beings” of the nations are not God,
as in the case of Amen (Amon) of Egypt (Jer. 46:25), Hadad of the Arameans (1 Kings
20:28), Marduk of Babylon (Dan. 3:16-18) and many
other “detestable” gods.16By teaching
these ideas the IPM is bringing people, who have just come out of unbelief,
back into slavery to false gods (2 Pet. 2:18-21) and teaching things they ought
not to teach (Titus 1:9-14). As those in Paul's day were spreading Jewish
myths, today the IPM is spreading Gentile myths instead of the true Gospel.
(3)
IPM leaders teach the spiritual warfare
techniques of John Dawson, C. Peter Wagner and other Third Wavers to rid cities
and nations of demonic influence, so that people will just find themselves
wanting to get saved.
See
the expose of John Dawson's book Taking Our Cities For
God, a manual for the NAR and IPM. 17Now
note these quotes from the Wiconi newsletter.
“On Saturday,
August 7th, there will be a historic intercessory prayer gathering convened in
Bend, Oregon on Mt. Bachelor. It will be a time for people of the Northwest to
pray for twelve hours, simply for the Father's heart to be released for the
healing of the land and spiritual renewal. I have been asked to lead the
first hour of prayer along with a team of First Nations believers from NW
tribes. We will have a big drum, some dancers, and tribal elders/leaders who
will lead this hour of prayer and worship. As the Holy Spirit leads, we may
repent for the sins of our fathers, our unforgiveness,
judgment and bitterness, pray for the release of ancient curses and pray a blessing
over the land as the Host Nations. Several thousand people are gathering.
Please join us in prayer for "the Kingdom to come and His will be
done" in the Pacific Northwest as "it is in heaven."18
There
will be traditional First Nations style drumming and dance as part of the
worship time geared toward a prophetic impartation of release and liberty in
Christ. Terry & Darlene Wildman (RainSong)
from the Hopi Reservation in Arizona, Cheryl Bear-Barnetson
and her team, and the Albany Vineyard band will be leading worship. Rita
Bear-Gray (Cree Nation) will lead times of prayer and intercession. This
will be a time to see the release of the "One New Person" made
possible in Christ, between the Host People of the land, and later immigrant
people in North America. It will be a radical worship time for all
tribes and nations, in the spirit of what John saw in Revelation 7:9, as people
from all tribes, tongues and nations gathered around God's throne united in
worship to Jesus.19
These pragmatic techniques will not liberate anyone. The
spiritual warfare movement is based on a false understanding of Matt. 16:19.
They claim they can bind and loose demons not only in individuals but over
whole regions and nations. This is a perfect example of the absolute necessity
of “context, context, context” when
studying the Scripture.
Matt. 16:17-20 Jesus replied, "Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." Then he warned his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ.”
The
context is one of establishing the Church and preaching the Gospel and has
NOTHING to do with casting out demons or casting down territorial spirits.
Notice that the time had not yet come to proclaim that Jesus was the Christ,
but the time would come when that Mystery would be revealed, first to the Jews
and then to the Gentiles (Gal. 2:7-9). This is also the context in which Matt.
18:18 must be understood where they are addressing church discipline.
A
larger question remains for the careful thinker ... why do this unbiblical
spiritual warfare to rid towns, cities, cultures and nations of demonic
influence when you are in the business of getting people to go back to their
old gods and worship them under the name of YHWH? This is a case where two
wrongs don't make a right, they make a mess!
(4) IPM leaders teach that God can be worshipped using cultural
methods heretofore used to worship other gods.
Richard Twiss travels all over the world
teaching people to “dance their
prayers”.
Everything is in place for our big Dancing Our Prayers
Switzerland Tour.20
Peru
- Our national Dancing Our Prayers
Peruvian tour was unprecedented! In twenty days our team of
eighteen traveled to thirteen cities and jungle towns holding 70 outreaches in
large stadium, auditoriums, public parks, churches, and city plazas. More than
thirty thousand people heard the gospel with 1370 making commitments to Jesus
Christ. I have never experienced the Father’s favor and blessing like this ever! However, after all expenses were totaled,
several unexpected bills arrived and expected income didn’t materialize, so that, we are carrying a $5200
debt from the trip into 2004. Your gifts will be greatly appreciated.21
In
light of mid-East political unrest, I am excited about my trip to dance with
Jonathan Maracle at an international music festival
in Cairo, Egypt. We leave May 25th and return the 31st. A special stage
is being erected near the Great Pyramids to host the various groups.
It will be televised globally. The majority of my expenses are being covered.
However, I still need to raise $500.00 toward the trip. Any gifts would be a
blessing. As we go in the grace, beauty and anointing of our cultural
identity as a First Nations representation of Christ and the Kingdom,
please pray for grace, protection and peace for our team.22
My
good friend, Ray Aldred, Cree, asked me to speak at
his conference and dance in their pow-wow. Ray
is the National Director of the First Nations Alliance Churches of Canada, the
Native expression of the Christian & Missionary Alliance Denomination in
Canada. David Bird, Cree, is the pastor of the Regina First Nations Alliance
Church. His cousin is the Chief of the Peepeekisis
Reserve. After years of being invited to church meetings and witnessed to,
the pow-wow was the first Christian event the chief
ever agreed to attend. He was very touched by the Holy Spirit through what
occurred, as were all the non-believers who attended. These folks would never
attend a “church” service but came to drum and dance and
heard a
very clear message of faith and hope in Jesus Christ as Lord and Creator.23
For the information of the reader, the word "pow-wow" is defined this way in Webster's Dictionary:
Etymology:
Narraganset powwaw or Massachuset pauwau 1: an
American Indian medicine man 2 a: an American Indian ceremony (as for
victory in war) b: an American Indian social gathering or fair usually
including competitive dancing 3 a: a social get-together b: a meeting for
discussion.24
So I guess the above "pow-wow"
described by Twiss would have to be definition #3 or
possibly #2. But notice definition #1!.
This next explanation of the actual meaning of the word is even
clearer:
Word History: Because trances were so important to the
Native American shaman as a means of getting in touch with spiritual forces
beyond the ken of the normal person, the title powwaw,
literally meaning “one who has
visions,” was accorded
him.
An occurrence of this word in an early piece of propaganda designed to bring
more settlers to New England represents fairly well the Puritan attitudes to
the religion of the native inhabitants of the New World: “The office and dutie of the Powah is to be exercised principally in calling upon the
Devil; and curing diseases of the sick or wounded.” The word whose spelling was eventually settled in English
as powwow was also used as the name for ceremonies and councils, probably
because of the important role played by the shaman in both. Eventually the
newcomers decided that they could have powwows too, the first reference to one
of these being recorded in the Salem, Massachusetts, Gazette of 1812: “The Warriors of the Democratic Tribe will hold a powwow at
Agawam on Tuesday next.” The verb
powwow, “to confer,” was recorded even earlier, in 1780.25
The
Bible is clear that we don't “dance” our
prayers or enter altered states to pray. That is what the heathen have done
with their false gods who had no knowledge of what God requires. Born again
Christians are to pray with their minds (1 Cor. 14:15), not in altered states
(1 Cor. 14:14). We are to remain alert when we are praying in the Spirit (Eph.
6:18). We may lift up holy hands in prayer, meaning we worship God in our
praying (1 Tim. 2:8). Prayer is a way to worship God (Acts 13:1-3), thank Him
and present our petitions to God (Heb. 12:28, 1 Tim. 2:1), being devoted to
prayer in watchfulness and thanksgiving (Col 4:2), not in partying (Rom.
13:13-14). We all used to be pagans. Now we are children of God in Jesus
Christ, not given to debauchery (1 Pet. 4:3). There is nowhere in the Bible
where dances were used for prayer. Dances were used to praise and worship God
such as in the case of David (2 Sam. 6:14). But we do not pray with dances.
Prayer is an act of communication with God using our hearts, minds and spirits.
Danny Lehmann: We used the same logic,
nobody would tell someone that if you used to use your house for crack house
and you get saved you need to burn that house down, because you become a
Christian, no! You can say a couple of prayers and have a Bible study in a
house that used to sell crack in it and we don’t think a thing about it in the western world. But
you have a hula or you have a dance or you have a smoke house among the,
what do they call the houses among the native Americans- sweat lodge, where
they smoke a pipe or something in there or whatever, we have all these
non-believing, non-Christian cultural taboos.26
There are a number of false, diaprax typeassumptions
in this teaching.
(1)
If Kikawa says he can feel an “anointing” when the hula dance is done for Pele, what
distinguishes that “anointing” from the one when
the hula is
used to worship YHWH? The fact is that the idea of feeling an “anointing” and knowing it is from God is subjective and no proof of
the activity of the Holy Spirit. There is only one Anointing (1 John 2:20)
and that Anointing we share if we are “in Christ”, the Anointed One of God (Ps. 2:2,
Acts 4:2) Who is King of Kings. God is the One
Who gives the Anointing (2 Cor. 1:21-22). When a person is born again he is
anointed by the Holy Spirit (2 Cor. 1:21-22, Eph. 1:13); foreknown,
predestined, called, justified, glorified (Rom. 8:29-30). No one can or should
try to transfer the Holy Spirit to another person as the Anointing is the
Person of the Holy Spirit (Luke 4:18, Titus 3:5). The Anointing is the
indwelling Holy Spirit, and He gives us various gifts (1 Cor. 12:4) so that we
can minister in the Church and preach the Gospel to the world. God is not in
the business of giving out free massages, thrill rides and ecstatic
experiences. He does not want His people to play around, acting like or
thinking they have some kind of higher revelation of the supernatural, going
around claiming there is an “anointing” or
assigning “anointings” to things in ways the Bible does
not. He expects us to act in an orderly fashion in the congregation of the
saints (1 Cor. 14:33). I'm sorry if this is offensive to modern Hawaiians, but
the older islanders rejected hula in the churches for the very reason that it
caused men to lust and was a dance dedicated to their former gods. Why is it so
hard for men like Daniel Kikawa to understand this?
All he has to do is read the historical accounts of mission work here, both by
islanders and Western missionaries, to comprehend that what he is promoting is
an affront to his own culture as a “Christian”.
(2)
God is a Hawaiian god? No. God is God. He is the one and only God of the
universe. He is the great I AM.
(3)
That Acts does not prohibit dancing is an argument from silence. The
Bible also does not prohibit trans-sexuality either.
Does that make it okay for Christians?
(4)
Satan did not steal the hula. The hula was invented by people to worship Pele
and other Hawaiian false satanic gods. Here is what Titus Coan, one of the early missionaries to Hawaii, and probably
the greatest evangelist of his time in the Hawaiian islands,
said about the hula in regard to Polynesian cultures, which covers Hawaiian
culture as well:
“...the hula or
dance. -- The actresses undergo long previous training, during
which time their persons are sacred to the gods.”27
What
other types of activities did the Hawaiian gods require?
“On the coast of Kawaihar I have seen and measured the last great heiau, or heathen temple, of the renowned Kamehameha I., where human sacrifices were offered to
the gods that can not save or destroy. I
have also visited other heathen temples in Kona, Puna,
Hilo, on Molokai and in other places.”28
The
hula is a dance dedicated to a false god. The movements of the lower parts of
the female body in this dance are very suggestive to island people and do not
help them escape from sin, but rather give the enemy a foothold. The fact the Kikawa can “feel” an
anointing from hula, for whatever reason it is performed, should give you a clue
as to how the hula affects island peoples. You cannot sanitize something that
has been offered to false gods. Some practices are neutral. This one is not.
Let
me try to be helpful by suggesting what COULD be done with the hula. (1) Take out
the religious references to the false gods of Hawaii like Io and Pele. (2) Take out the suggestive movements the
tourists and island males love so well. (3) Rename it something else. Then it
may be useful as a way to tell the story of the Gospel in a cultural form.
(5)
Lehmann makes yet another in a long line of bad analogies by trying to equate
the issue of using the hula with the use of a house. Of course Christians can
use houses formerly used for drugs or pot smoking (in the case of the Indians).
But they do not continue to do drugs and smoke pot anymore! That's the point
Lehmann misses. Hula is not a house. Hula is a spiritual
dance dedicated for centuries to false gods. To take that dance and
make it a large part of the Hawaiian Christian experience is to deny the
dreadful and shameful use of hula in the past. Why not uplift other cultural
activities not tied to worship of the demonic? Isn't the idea to make a clean
break from our past when we accept Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord?
Phil. 3:7-9: “ But whatever was to my profit I now consider loss for the sake of Christ. What is more, I consider everything a loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish, that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ the righteousness that comes from God and is by faith.”
If Paul
considered the Jewish culture and its activities “dung” in
view of
the cause of Christ, how much more should we as Gentiles consider our cultures double
“dung”? The fact is that what Kikawa and Lehmann are promoting is the direct 180 degree
opposite of what Paul believed, lived and taught with regard to culture.
See the
article called “Richard Twiss
Connections” for more information on what Richard Twiss
has been teaching and his associations.31 Twiss
and his IPM friends are teaching these same ideas.
“Eagles Wings is the
ministry of pastor and author Randy Woodley and his wife Edith. Both Native
Americans, their mission is “to present the
Great Spirit's Son, Jesus Christ and His Words, the Bible to Native
Americans in culturally relevant ways.”34
Yet
the historical facts are that the Great Spirit is panentheistic!
“Religious beliefs
varied between tribes, but there was a widespread belief in a Great Spirit
who created the earth, and who pervaded everything. This was a panentheist rather than a pantheist belief. But the
pantheistic tone was far stronger than among Christians, and more akin to the
pantheism of William Wordsworth. It was linked to an animism which saw kindred
spirits in all animals and plants.”35
“The
Lakota concept of Wakan Tanka
(most frequently translated as Great Spirit) illustrates panentheism
well: Wakan Tanka is the Spirit over, under, and throughout all of the physical world, its guiding principle, present in
individual phenomena yet not confined to it, not strictly singular nor plural,
neither truly personal nor impersonal. Manitou/manitos
of the Algonkians is a
similar concept.”36
The Great Spirit required human
sacrifice/suicide to lift sickness he had sent.
“I am a very old man, my friends. I have lived through many summers and through many snows. Now I will tell you why I have lived so long. My father, who was also a great Medicine Man, told me that when I became old, the Great Spirit would send a sickness upon our people. All would die, unless a sacrifice was made to the Great Spirit. An innocent maiden of the tribe, the daughter of a chief, must willingly go to the high cliffs above the Big River and throw herself upon the rocks below. If she does this, the sickness will end.”
Not a word was spoken until the old man slowly sat down. At last, the chief lifted his head and said, “Call all of the young maidens, who are daughters of chiefs.” Soon all of the young maidens stood before the chief, including his own daughter. The chief told them all that the old man had said. “I think his words are the words of truth,” he added. He then turned to his elders and said, “Tell our people to meet death bravely. No maiden will be asked to sacrifice herself. This meeting has ended.”
The next day Morning Sun saw the sickness on the face of her
lover. Now she knew what she had to do. Without telling anyone, she
followed the trail to the high cliffs above the Big River. When she
arrived there above the jagged rocks, she turned her eyes upward, lifted up her
arms and spoke to the Great Spirit, “If you will accept me as a sacrifice
for my people, let some token hang in the sky.” Just then, the moon
rose above the trees across the river. It was the token. She closed
her eyes and jumped. Soon afterwards, the sickness left her people.”37
As I have set down, they worshiped Toya,
or the sun, which they claimed represented the Great Spirit. Every
morning as the sun rose they would stretch out their hands in adoration and
chant a hymn of praise; and also when the sun was at its highest gave they gave
this salutation; as evening drew on most of the tribe would gather near the
sacrificial mound. Just as the sun was about to set, their jauva
would slay an animal and place its beating heart upon the altar and all would
chant a prayer beseeching that Toya would return to
give his light. When the sacrifice was a human heart only the warriors drew
near unto the altar. After our companions had been sacrificed they brought in
no more captives of our race, but did sacrifice warriors captured from other
tribes.38
But among some tribes north of the Rio Grande, human sacrifices
did exist. Evidence exists that the Pawnee (in what is now Nebraska)
occasionally sacrificed someone. The Iroquois are said to have occasionally
sent a maiden and white dog to the Great Spirit. And human sacrifice and
cannibalism are believed to have existed among people along
the coast between Louisiana, Florida and up the coast to Virginia, where people
experienced the wrath of the gods more frequently in the form of extremely
violent storms than did people in other parts of the country.39
The Great Spirit required blood rituals.
The Sun Dance - Each year, the summer sees another type of
blood sacrifice; the Lakota Sioux and other natives of this continent
spill their blood onto the earth in one of their most powerful rituals, the Sun
Dance. In this controversial ritual, the participants pierce holes into the
skin on their chests, thread large hooks made of antler or wood through the
holes and hang themselves from a sacred tree until either they rip the skin
through and fall or until they pass out. Through offering their own blood,
they are able to achieve an ecstatic state, making a connection with the Great Spirit
and giving back to the earth something that is truly of their body. This
ritual was outlawed but still survives today as an Indian-only event, within
the larger Sun Dance festival attended by thousands.” 40
Richard
Twiss is a Lakota/Sioux Indian. Twiss
is teaching the doctrines of the NAR and is endorsed by them.He
claims that the Great Spirit of the Indians is the Holy Spirit of the Bible,
and endorses ministries that make this same claim. He endorses and promotes
books by people like Daniel Kikawa that present
information as fact when it is really myth. He continues to teach that the
Great Spirit is the Holy Spirit by wearing the cultural items associated with
the Great Spirit, even though it is a historical fact that the Great Spirit is
a panentheistic god that required blood rituals and
human sacrifice. Richard Twiss claims that what
he is doing is not syncretism, when it is the very definition of syncretism.
The Bible is clear that ALL Gentiles did not know God. What Twiss, Kikawa and others are
doing is to teach Two-Thirds World Christians to make up fables about their
former religious practices not based on facts but based on myths.
2 Tim. 4:3-4 For the time
will come when men will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit
their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to
say what their itching ears want to hear. They will turn their ears away from
the truth and turn aside to myths.
1 Tim. 1:3-4 As I urged you when I
went into Macedonia, stay there in Ephesus so that you may command certain
men not to teach false doctrines any longer nor to devote themselves to myths
and endless genealogies. These promote controversies rather than God’s work which is by faith.
God's work among the Gentiles is a work of faith in Jesus Christ,
not faith in their former gods who they are now renaming to try to syncretize their former pagan beliefs with Christianity.
(6)
Richard Twiss teaches
that the Gospel was a source of division and stumbling for First Nation's
peoples and this is blamed on Western missionaries.
One major wound in the land that negatively
impacts the "character" of the American church lies in the fact that
the message of Jesus has been so inextricably identified as
"Euro-American." Because of this fact, the gospel message has been
the cause of great shame, oppression, and in many cases, genocide among the
Host People of the land. Because of past atrocities, regions have been
condemned by the spilt blood upon the land that continues to cry out for
justice; the Pacific Northwest being no exception.42
“Indigenous peoples have
perpetually been put in the position of the mission field never fully
recognized as been given gifts and callings and anointings
to be coequal partners
”43
Next
week my son Daniel is joining me on a trip to New York (his 16th birthday)
where I am the keynote speaker at the "Healing the Land" Conference
hosted by Pastor Peter Bruno of Metro Church. Pastor Bruno writes, "I
really felt on my heart to reach out to pastors & intercessors from our
region to invite them personally to this important conference. The problem
with our land is that throughout the history of Christianity, the message of
Jesus has been delivered (at times) with deadly force & hatred instead of
in love and mercy. Because of past atrocities, regions have been condemned by
the spilt blood upon the land that continues to cry out for justice. For
our NYC/NJ region to come into it's fulfillment of
God's vision, we must cleanse the past and partner into the future. I
believe that God is calling His church to build bridges to see Native people
come to faith & life in Jesus Christ and fulfill their God-given place
within the Body of Christ. This conference will help bring these truths to
light as well as help us to befriend, partner with and build bridges to our
Native brothers & sisters.44
Aldred [Cree Nation] is the Director of the
First Nations Alliance of Churches, and was the first Native American person to
address an Urbana convention in it’s 57-year history. ... Aldred applied
this culture-challenging aspect of the gospel in a powerful challenge to the
western Church: "Western Christianity is syncretistic...It is a
religion motivated about sharing the gospel story with people, not so they
become who God has made them to be, but to make them like me so I can love
them." Aldred said that much of the western
missionary effort has been characterized by an attempt to assimilate people
into its own mold, which is why the western church has so many fights over
music and forms of worship. It has reduced the gospel to a technical
presentation of facts separated off from the real life of the witness and the
mysterious power of God. Western Christianity has separated the public and
private realms, and banished Jesus' relevance to the personal and private world
of piety, ignoring social and relational aspects of God's Kingdom. In actual
practice it trusts more in its own wealth, knowledge, and power than in God's
holy word. It is intellectualized rather than holistic and integrated in the
whole human person. Aldred boldly announced these
ways that the gospel of Jesus continues to call the western church to radical
conversion from the culture of modernity to the Kingdom of God.45
This
is how you confuse the issue. You turn the issue of syncretism around and blame
it on the missionaries. It is true that some misguided missionaries, though
clearly not the majority, tried to change indigenous cultural values to Western
ones. But he ignores the many missionaries who, in presenting the Gospel and
sound doctrine, necessarily preached things that were in opposition to demonic
cultures and practices like those of the Indians. The missionaries were faced
with heathen cultures, not unlike their own in the past,
and attempted to apply Biblical principles, in cooperation with those in First
Nations, to come up with a way of living in accordance to the Word of God
(which is what all Christians must abide by!). Mistakes were made,
but if you talked to the first generation of converts (like I had the privilege
of doing long ago in Micronesia) you would understand fully what First Nation's
cultures were like at the time. Sexual perversion, women and child abuse,
murder, human sacrifice, ruling elite who lorded it
over everyone else, worship of demons, and other atrocities were commonplace.
Those who heard the Gospel preached to them and recognized the freedom in
Christ offered were saved and delivered from the evil in their cultures. They
immediately wanted to make a statement about the difference God had made in
their lives. Can we then blame them, in retrospect, for putting on
clothes, stopping cultural activities that were tied to the demonic? Can we
fault them for no longer being involved in sexual immorality, abuse,
perversion, murder and the occult? The IPM leadership are
trying to rewrite history when they clearly have not done their research. They
have little understanding of what their formerly (and in fact currently) pagan
cultures were like before the missionaries came and sacrificed their lives, in
many cases, to bring the Good News. They were not sent to bring culture nor was that their purpose. They were primarily bringing God’s values, the Bible, and applying its time-tested truths,
together with First Nations peoples, so that they might be light and salt to
the nations.
Jude 1:19 : “These are the men who divide you, who follow mere natural instincts and do not have the Spirit.”
It
is not a coincidence that the message of the IPM is targeted especially at
Christians. Our mandate as Christians, with regard to these divisive
malcontents, is this:
Titus 3:10: “Warn a divisive person once, and then warn him a second time. After that, have nothing to do with him.”
(7)
Richard Twiss has taught that the
Bible is no longer our sole source of Truth, nor should we be tied down by
doctrines taught in the Bible.
“We are
constantly growing, maturing and consequently changing in our perceptions and
conclusions. How do we avoid getting stuck in our conclusions? Or harder yet,
when we've grown so accustomed to the perceived "normalcy" or
"correctness" of our beliefs, how do we get unstuck when we realize
what we believed is no longer as true and right as we once believed? How can we
change without "losing face?" We must create paths to change for one
another that are highlighted by honor, respect and the love of Christ.46
This
is all part of the diaprax to bring people
from relying on the Bible for truth to relying on new revelation for truth. Yet
the Bible is the ULTIMATE source of truth for the believer.
Romans 15:4: “For everything that was written in the past was written to teach us, so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.”
2 Timothy 3:15-17 : “and how from infancy you have known the holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work.”
Those
who add or take away from Scripture, either through written
or extra-biblical means, are denounced and judged by the Word itself:
Deut. 4:2: “Do not add to
what I command you and do not subtract from it, but keep the commands of the
LORD your God that I give you.
Rev. 22:18-19 “I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds anything to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. And if anyone takes words away from this book of prophecy, God will take away from him his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book.”
1 Cor. 4:6: “Now, brothers, I have applied these things to myself and Apollos for your benefit, so that you may learn from us the meaning of the saying, "Do not go beyond what is written." Then you will not take pride in one man over against another.”
(8)
Daniel Kikawa states that the Gospel needs to be
presented to "shame based" societies in terms of "Jesus
Christ came to take away your shame."
"They think they don’t need Jesus because he is a God for, if you are a criminal. The other
thing is that if you tell someone they need Jesus they can get very
angry, because its implying to them that you think
they are a criminal
that would be
very offensive to them in this shame based society. ... So how do we present
the gospel in that way. Maybe we can use the word
shame in a shame based society. In other words Jesus came to take away all our
shame"47
Granted ... the issue of “shame-based” as opposed to “guilt-based” societies is a real missiological issue that must be dealt with in order to
preach the Gospel effectively. But Kikawa forgets that
Middle Eastern societies are also shame-based, and it was to those societies
the Gospel was first presented! Shame is not guilt of
sin or repentance. Shame is basically an exercise in self-indulgence and
self-pity. When people arecaught at
something in a shamed-based society, they lose face. They generally do
not repent nor do they stop doing what they were doing. They are simply
embarrassed at the public humiliation of being caught. The recognition of sin,
on the other hand, is the starting point toward repentance. The way to present
the Gospel in a shame-based culture is not to take the word “sin” out of the picture but to explain what sin is.For example, you could ask someone in a shame-based culture
these questions:
(1)
If a person steals something and no one sees him, is it a sin?
(2) If he gets caught then how does he feel?
(3) Did you know that when a person steals something, and no one sees him or
her, that God sees him?
(4) Did you know that God says stealing is a sin?
(5) Now that you know that God is watching and that stealing is a sin, if you
steal something will you feel ashamed?
(6) Will being ashamed not end there, but result in your realization that
stealing is always a sin and that you need to stop stealing?
(7) God is the judge and He has already declared us all guilty of sin.
Therefore if you steal and you remember that God is watching you, then you have
come to realize that you are ashamed because of your guilt, your sinful nature
before a holy God, not because you were caught. God has provided you a way to
defeat sin through confessing your sin, believing in the Lord Jesus Christ to
save you, and then living a life where you put off the old man of sin and put
on the new man in Christ through the Holy Spirit daily.
The
point of the above example is that it is possible to bring people from a “shame-based” paradigm to a Biblical paradigm, which is the
continuing work of the Holy Spirit in anyone who believes. The Holy Spirit
sharpens our conscience and convicts us of sin, at first while we are doing it,
then eventually before we do it. This is the Biblical process, which Jesus
Christ, a Jew, introduced to the Jewish culture, which is a shame-based
culture. As Christians we are to present the Gospel in the terms that it was
presented by Jesus Christ and the apostles.
Rom. 10:9-11: “That if you
confess with your mouth, "Jesus is Lord," and believe in your
heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For it is with your
heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you
confess and are saved. As the Scripture says, "Anyone
who trusts in him will never be put to shame."
1 John 1:9: “If
we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and
purify us from all unrighteousness.
The
problem of the human condition is one of sin, not shame. Sin is defiance
against the holiness of God. Shame may be the result of our realization we have
sinned (or may not) but rarely leads to repentance (turning from sin).
Therefore in preaching the Gospel to nations and cultures that have not known
the character of God, it is important for them to understand that God is holy,
we are cut off by virtue of inherited and willful sin, and that there is no way
to salvation without confessing our sins and believing on the Lord Jesus
Christ. If calling sin what it is causes people to lose face and is an
affront to people, then the Gospel has been presented CORRECTLY because the
true Gospel message is an affront (1 Cor. 1:23, Gal. 5:11). If Daniel Kikawa and others are no longer willing to talk about sin,
they are no longer preaching the Gospel.
(9)Danny Lehmann and the IPM's unbiblical
usage of the example of Paul at the Areopagus in Acts
17.
Now yesterday Daniel, we closed our
broadcast by talking about the issue of Japan and how people have a hard time
having the gospel being communicated to them because it sounds foreign
that’s the big problem- whether its India or
Thailand, Africa or Latin America. If God appears to be a foreign God it would
be equivalent to us in America which is a normally Christian based society
accepting Buddhism, because it sounds foreign to us. And in the Bible when
Paul was preaching in Acts 17 it tells us that when he was talking about Jesus
and the resurrection, they said "well he’s talking about a foreign God" and he went on to
bridge the gap there in a magnificent way there at Mars hill.48
Paul did preach the Gospel in terms that
the Greeks could understand. He used the illustration of the “unknown god” which they were worshipping, with some sarcasm
as scholars note, to point out that they did NOT know the true God at allnot to bridge a “gap” between them and their worship of an “unknown god”.
Acts 17:23: “For as I walked around
and looked carefully at your objects of worship, I even found an altar with
this inscription: TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. Now what you worship as something
unknown I am going to proclaim to you.
An “unknown god” means they were
worshipping something not known.
Another
problem with Lehmann’s analysis of this passage,
out of context, is that most of the Greeks rejected the true God Paul
was preaching because they did not believe in a resurrection.
This
example of Paul, the only one in Scripture, does not justify telling people
around the world that they have already been worshipping the true God and just
have to add Jesus Christ into the mix. Paul was clear about the Gospel he preachedto the Gentiles:
1 Corinthians 2:2: “ For I resolved to know nothing while I was
with you except Jesus Christ and him crucified.
Apparently,
according to people like Kikawa and Lehmann, we now
need to be experts in foreign gods to present the Gospel effectively, bridging
the gap between false gods and the One True God. Paul resolved to be an expert
in the Gospel!
Please see the chapter in this book called An Endrun Around Rom. 1 And Acts 17 for
a fuller analysis of the Acts 17:32-18:1 passage.
And if we look at a society like that we say throw it all
out, this all evil y’know, this is a pantheon of gods and so on, and if we did that
with the Jewish culture we would throw out Jehovah or Yahweh with all of that,
see.52
First
of all, no one has “thrown out” any cultures,
including ALL missionaries past, present and future. Missionaries gave
their lives, both figuratively and literally, to bring in the harvest from all
cultures. This is diaprax, exaggeration and
misinformation to make a point.
Second,
God Himself rejected cultures with a pantheon of gods (Deut. 6:4).
1 Chronicles 16:26: “For all the gods of the nations are idols, but the LORD
made the heavens.
Third,
though Israel prostituted itself with the false gods of the surrounding
nations, God made a covenant with Israel alone and if they repented and
returned to Him, they were forgiven. He did not make a covenant of this kind
with ANY other nation, though in the Old Testament if a Gentile agreed to
forsake his false gods and become a Jew He could be saved.
Jeremiah 2:28: “Where then are the gods you made for yourselves? Let them come if they can save you when you are in trouble! For you have as many gods as you have towns, O Judah.”
Ezekiel 14:6: “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Repent! Turn from your idols and renounce all your detestable practices!”
Isaiah 59:20: “The Redeemer will come to Zion, to those in Jacob who repent of their sins," declares the LORD.”
Isaiah 49:8 This is what the LORD says: "In the time of my favor I will answer you, and in the day of salvation I will help you; I will keep you and will make you to be a covenant for the people, to restore the land and to reassign its desolate inheritances,”
Zechariah 10:6: “I will strengthen the house of Judah and save the house of Joseph. I will restore them because I have compassion on them. They will be as though I had not rejected them, for I am the LORD their God and I will answer them”
Let's never forget that the Jews were and are God’s chosen covenant people, unlike the other Gentile nations including
Hawaiians. God does not reject Israel, nor should we. What Christians do reject
is the worship of false gods by the millions who are clearly NOT Jehovah,
whether they are labeled as “supreme beings” or lesser gods. We reject those other gods because we serve the only true
God, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, YHWH, the “I AM”.
Deuteronomy 29:13: “ to confirm
you this day as his people, that he may be your God as he promised you and as
he swore to your fathers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.”
Acts 3:13a “The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified his servant Jesus.”
1 Thessalonians 1:9: “ for they themselves report what kind of reception you gave us. They tell how you turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God”
1
John 5:20: “We know also
that the Son of God has come and has given us understanding, so that we may
know him who is true. And we are in him who is true even in his Son Jesus Christ. He is the true God and eternal life.
Shame on Kikawa and the WCGIP for
the way they degrade Israel and those with beautiful feet who came to share the
Gospel of hope with heathen Gentiles (see #6)!
(11)IPM leaders pull Romans 1 from its
context and misuse it.
“He was born in
the center of civilization of that day. y’know the nexus of Europe and Asia and Africa, the civilization
of that day and what did Jesus say is tell everybody that I came. y’know,Not that you don’t know God or that you don’t have no relationship with him and he’s a foreign God to you.
But that, that the son of your creator came who made himself known to as
Rom.1:20 says and so this is what we bring to them and we find
that if there are people who are really seeking God, there are people like Jobs
everywhere who know.53
IPM
leaders are constantly quoting Romans 1:20 out of context. They love to
emphasize what is not the point of the passage. They always quote this verse,
or parts of it:
Romans 1:20: “ For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities his eternal power and divine nature have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse.”
Of
course the creation is obvious for men who want to look at it and understand
it, thus understanding there has to be a Creator. Sure ... when men think
about their nature they may see that they have a spirit just as God is Spirit.
But that's about all they know. They know NOTHING of the Son,
therefore they know NOTHING of salvation. What they don't quote in Romans 1 is what
follows because it destroys their argument that all nations, cultures and
peoples are already worshipping the true God.
Romans 1:21-25: “ For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another. They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator who is forever praised. Amen.”
The
fact is that ALL Gentiles (1) did not glorify God, (2) did not give thanks to
God, (3) were foolish, (4) were futile in their thinking, their beliefs, (5)
exchanged the glory of God for images, (6) were given over to sin, and (7)
exchanged the truth of God for a lie, worshipping created things instead of the
Creator. This covers EVERYONE since Adam until God revealed Himself to Israel
through the patriarchs, Moses and the prophets. This started at the fall. Adam
and Eve “exchanged the truth of God for a lie” and it has been getting worse ever since.
The
point of this passage also comes to light when you read what precedes it.
Romans 1:16-19: “I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. For in the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: "The righteous will live by faith." The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them.”
CONCLUSION
The Bible is clear. There are only two major distinctions
among the nationsJews
and Gentiles. Gentiles did not have salvation, they were not worshipping God,
nor did they have hope before they heard the message of the Gospel of Jesus
Christ, no matter what Daniel Kikawa and the WCGIP
leadership may claim.
Eph. 2:11-13: “Therefore, remember that formerly you who are Gentiles by birth and called "uncircumcised" by those who call themselves "the circumcision" (that done in the body by the hands of men)remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, excluded from citizenship in Israel and foreigners to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ.”
There
is no way to hear the Gospel of Jesus Christ, to know the mystery of the
reconciliation available through the cross, without it being preached.
Rom. 10:14-15: “How, then, can
they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the
one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone
preaching to them? And how can they preach unless they are sent?
As it is written, "How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good
news!"
As
I have pointed out before in my rebuttal to the false teachings presented at
the World Gathering on Indigenous People conferences, missionaries and mission
work are soundly rebuked by their teachers instead of being treated as those
with “beautiful feet”. These facts from the Bible,
including hundreds of other verses about Gentiles, completely DEMOLISH Daniel
Kikawa's book, and the entire platform of people like
Richard Twiss, John Dawson, Don Richardson, Charles
Kraft, Terry LeBlanc and hundreds of others who have moved beyond the
Scriptures into mythology.
2 Tim. 4:3-4: “ For the time will come when men will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. They will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths.”
When
you mythologize religion and ignore the clear teachings of the Bible, in order
to make people feel better about themselves and their cultures, you are
effectively preaching another gospel. If what Richard Twiss,
Daniel Kiwawa and a host of others teach is true,
then there was no need for Jesus Christ to die on the cross for sin. According
to them all cultures, and even religions, already had ways to redemption built
in by God Himself. But they forget that without Christ every man will be judged
by their works, and therefore they cannot be saved.
2 Thes. 1:8-9: “ He will punish
those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus. They
will be punished with everlasting destruction and shut out from the presence of
the Lord and from the majesty of his power.”
2 Leon Siu,
Word to the World with host Danny Lehmann, KLHT, 2001, show #544
3Terry LeBlanc, Ibid.,
show #542
4Ibid.
5Ibid.
6Danny Lehmann, Ibid.
7Ibid., show #544
8Leon Siu, Ibid.
9http://www.deceptioninthechurch.com/lehmann.html; http://www.deceptioninthechurch.com/lehmann2.html
10Arnold Fructenbaum
review of Kikawa's Perpetuated In
Righteousness, http://www.letusreason.org/current4%20.htm
11http://across.co.nz/articles.'Io.html
12http://www.brokenwalls.com/archives_2000.html
13http://www.injesus.com/Groups/ViewMessage.cfm?MessageId=YA006JT4&GroupID=SA006ILX&UCD=hjn
14Ibid.
15Danny Lehmann, Word to the World
with host Danny Lehmann, KLHT, Feb. 14/06, #7
16Lev. 18:30; Deut. 7:25, 7:26,
12:31, 18:9, 20:18, 27:15, 29:17, 32:16; 1 Kings 11:5, 11:7, 14:24; 2 Kings
16:3, 21:2, 21:11, 23:13, 23:24; 2 Chron. 15:8, 28:3, 33:2, 34:33, 36:14; Ezra
9:1, 9:11; Prov. 21:27, 28:9; Is. 1:13; Jer. 4:1, 7:30, 16:18, 32:35; Eze. 5:9, 5:11, 11:18, 11:21, 12:16, 14:6; Mal. 2:11.
17http://www.deceptioninthechurch.com/dawson/
18Smoke Signals - Prayer Need and
Reports Richard Twiss, July 20, 2004
19Ibid., June 16, 2004
20Ibid., July 20, 2004
21Smoke Signals - Cool Stories and
Encouraging Reports from 2003, Richard Twiss, Dec 16,
2003
22Smoke Signals - Prayer Need and
Reports Richard Twiss, April 28, 2004
23Smoke Signals - Cool Stories and
Encouraging Reports from 2003, Richard Twiss, Dec 16,
2003
24Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary copyright
© 2005 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
25The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English
Language, Fourth Edition, Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
26Danny Lehmann and Daniel Kikawa, Word to the World with host Danny Lehmann, KLHT,
Feb. 9/06, #4
27Titus Coan, “Hawaii’s Greatest Evangelist, Titus Coan
... his life 1835-1882”, Published 1882,
pg. 188
28Ibid., pg. 225
29Richard Twiss,
Charisma Magazine, October 2004, http://www.charismamag.com/a.php?ArticleID=9744
30http://www.deceptioninthechurch.com/lehmann2.html
31http://www.deceptioninthechurch.com/twissquotes.html
32Link from Wiconi
site
33Joseph Epes
Brown, The Sacred Pipe. Black Elk's Account
of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux (University ofOklahoma
Press, 1989), 7,45). (Native
American Gospel? Q&A - Berean Call -
January, 1998, http://a-voice.org/discern/native.htm
34http://www.ethnicharvest.org/peoples/nativeamer.htm
35http://members.aol.com/pantheism0/indians.htm
36http://www.stormwind.com/common/nadoc.html
37The Great Circle of Life,
Copyright 2001 - 2003. All rights reserved by Roger Kayser,
http://www.zeeone.com/Readings/Wedding/wedding.htm
38CHASCO HISTORY, Written by then, postmaster Gerben M. DeVries in 1922 the pagent script, has been changed throughout the years - but
still remains belittling and offensive., This translation from the original
manuscript is dedicated to the Avery Library and Historical Society of New Port
Richey, and published for the information of those who dwell in the West Coast
section of Florida., By Gerben M. DeVries,
New Port Richey, Fla. March.1922, http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/aimfl/script.html
39THE AMERICAS, edited 9/20/2004, Copyright © 2000 by Frank E. Smitha. All rights reserved.,
http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h16-am.htm
40Sacrifice Today, In the Andes
- And Closer by
Wendy Davis, Copyright © 2004 by the article's author,
http://www.widdershins.org/vol1iss3/l04.htm
41Lev. 18:30; Deut. 7:25, 7:26,
12:31, 18:9, 20:18, 27:15, 29:17, 32:16; 1 Kings 11:5, 11:7, 14:24; 2 Kings
16:3, 21:2, 21:11, 23:13, 23:24; 2 Chron. 15:8, 28:3, 33:2, 34:33, 36:14; Ezra
9:1, 9:11; Prov. 21:27, 28:9; Is. 1:13; Jer. 4:1, 7:30, 16:18, 32:35; Eze. 5:9, 5:11, 11:18, 11:21, 12:16, 14:6; Mal. 2:11.
42Smoke Signals - Prayer Need and
Reports Richard Twiss, June 16, 2004
43Richard Twiss,
Word to the World with host Danny Lehmann, KLHT, 2001, show #541
44Smoke Signals - Prayer Need and
Reports Richard Twiss, May 7, 2004
45GOD MOVED IN POWER! Urbana Report #1, Richard Twiss, Jan 9, 2004
46Smoke Signals "Views From the Hill" - New E-mail commentaries Richard Twiss, Apr 5, 2004
47Daniel Kikawa,
Word to the World with host Danny Lehmann, KLHT, Feb. 9/06, #4
48Danny Lehmann, Ibid.,
Feb. 7/06, #2
49Barnes New Testament Notes, ALBERT BARNES. PHILADELPHIA, August 25th,
1832.
50John Gill Expositor
, LONDON: PRINTED FOR MATHEWS AND LEIGH, 18 STRAND, by W. Clowes, Northumberland-Court, 1809, Edited and revised and
updated by Larry Pierce, 1994-1995.
51Danny Lehmann, Word to the World
with host Danny Lehmann, KLHT, Feb. 7/06, #2
52Daniel Kikawa,
Ibid., Feb. 10/06, #5
53Daniel Kikawa,
Ibid., Feb. 14/06, #7